Arthroscopic meniscus repair is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat torn cartilage in the knee. Unlike open surgery, this technique involves small incisions and a tiny camera (arthroscope) to guide the surgeon. It’s a preferred method due to faster recovery, less pain, and lower risk of complications. The meniscus acts as a shock absorber in the knee, and when damaged, it can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility. Whether from sports injuries or age-related wear, a torn meniscus can significantly impact daily life. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know—from symptoms to recovery.
The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage in the knee that cushions the joint and distributes weight evenly. Each knee has two menisci—the medial (inner) and lateral (outer). Tears often occur due to sudden twisting motions (common in sports like soccer or basketball) or degenerative changes from aging. There are different types of tears, including radial, horizontal, and bucket-handle tears, each requiring specific treatment approaches. While some minor tears heal with rest and physical therapy, larger or unstable tears may need surgical intervention. Understanding the cause of your tear helps in choosing the right treatment plan.
How do you know if your meniscus is torn? Common symptoms include sharp pain when twisting the knee, swelling, stiffness, and a "locking" sensation where the knee gets stuck. Some people hear a "pop" at the time of injury, followed by difficulty straightening the leg. If conservative treatments like ice, rest, and anti-inflammatory drugs don’t help, surgery might be necessary. Ignoring a torn meniscus can lead to long-term joint damage or arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a full recovery, especially for active individuals or those with persistent discomfort.
Diagnosing a meniscus tear starts with a physical exam where a doctor checks for tenderness, range of motion, and performs tests like the McMurray test. Imaging tests such as MRI scans provide detailed views of soft tissues, confirming the tear’s location and severity. X-rays may also be used to rule out bone fractures. In some cases, diagnostic arthroscopy—a minor procedure using a small camera—is done to inspect the knee internally. Accurate diagnosis ensures the right treatment plan, whether it’s physical therapy for minor tears or surgery for complex ones.
Arthroscopic meniscus repair is typically an outpatient procedure under general or local anesthesia. The surgeon makes 2-3 small incisions around the knee, inserting an arthroscope to visualize the tear. Specialized tools trim or stitch the torn meniscus, depending on the tear type. Sutures or anchors may be used to secure the cartilage. The entire process takes about 30-60 minutes. Because it’s minimally invasive, patients usually go home the same day with a bandaged knee and crutches. This approach reduces scarring and speeds up recovery compared to traditional open surgery.
Recovery varies but generally follows this timeline: The first week involves rest, ice, and elevation to reduce swelling. Crutches may be needed for 2-4 weeks to avoid weight-bearing. Physical therapy starts within 1-2 weeks to restore strength and flexibility. Most patients resume light activities in 4-6 weeks, while full recovery (especially for athletes) may take 3-6 months. Following your surgeon’s instructions—like avoiding excessive twisting—is crucial for healing. Adhering to rehab exercises significantly improves outcomes. Remember, patience is key; rushing recovery can lead to re-injury.
While arthroscopic meniscus repair is safe, like any surgery, it carries risks. These include infection, blood clots, nerve damage, or stiffness in the knee. Some patients may experience persistent pain if the repair doesn’t fully heal. In rare cases, the meniscus may re-tear, requiring additional surgery. Choosing an experienced surgeon minimizes these risks. Pre-surgery health optimization (like managing diabetes) and post-op care (proper wound hygiene) further reduce complications. Discuss concerns with your doctor to make an informed decision.
Success rates for arthroscopic meniscus repair are high—about 85-90% for suitable candidates (younger patients with fresh, peripheral tears). Long-term outcomes depend on tear type, location, and adherence to rehab. Properly healed repairs can prevent early arthritis by restoring knee mechanics. However, degenerative tears in older adults may have lower success rates. Studies show that patients who follow post-op guidelines regain near-normal knee function. Regular low-impact exercises (like swimming) help maintain joint health post-recovery.
1. How long does the surgery take?
Typically 30-60 minutes, depending on tear complexity.
2. When can I walk after surgery?
Most patients use crutches for 2-4 weeks before gradually bearing weight.
3. Will I need physical therapy?
Yes, PT is crucial for restoring strength and mobility, usually starting 1-2 weeks post-op.
4. Can a meniscus tear heal without surgery?
Small, stable tears may heal with rest and PT, but larger tears often require surgery.
5. What’s the difference between repair and removal?
Repair preserves the meniscus; removal (meniscectomy) trims it, increasing arthritis risk long-term.