Arthroscopic Meniscectomy: A Patient’s Guide to Knee Surgery

Introduction to Arthroscopic Meniscectomy

If you’ve been struggling with persistent knee pain due to a meniscus tear, your doctor may have recommended an arthroscopic meniscectomy. This minimally invasive surgery is a common solution to remove or repair damaged meniscus tissue, helping restore mobility and reduce pain. Unlike open surgery, arthroscopy uses tiny incisions and a camera-guided approach, leading to faster recovery and fewer complications.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know—from what causes a meniscus tear to what happens during surgery, recovery tips, and long-term outcomes. Whether you’re considering the procedure or just researching options, this article will help you make an informed decision.

What is a Meniscus Tear? (Causes & Symptoms)

The meniscus is a C-shaped cartilage in your knee that acts as a shock absorber between the thigh and shin bones. A meniscus tear occurs when this cartilage gets damaged, often due to sudden twists, deep squats, or degenerative changes from aging. Athletes (especially in soccer or basketball) and older adults are at higher risk.

Common symptoms include:

• Sharp pain when twisting or kneeling
• Swelling and stiffness
• A "locking" sensation in the knee
• Difficulty straightening the leg fully

If conservative treatments (rest, ice, physical therapy) don’t help, surgery like arthroscopic meniscectomy may be the next step.

Why is Arthroscopic Meniscectomy Needed?

Not all meniscus tears require surgery, but if your pain is severe, persistent, or limits daily activities, an arthroscopic meniscectomy might be the best option. This procedure is typically recommended when:

• The tear is large, unstable, or causing mechanical symptoms (e.g., knee locking).
• Non-surgical treatments (like cortisone injections or PT) haven’t worked after 3–6 months.
• The tear is in the "white zone" (avascular area), where natural healing is unlikely.

Left untreated, a torn meniscus can lead to arthritis or further cartilage damage. Surgery helps prevent long-term joint degeneration while restoring function.

Preparing for the Surgery (Pre-Op Guidelines)

Proper preparation ensures a smoother surgery and recovery. Here’s what to expect:

1-2 Weeks Before:

• Medical clearance: Your surgeon may require blood tests, an EKG, or imaging.
• Medication review: Stop blood thinners (like aspirin) unless approved by your doctor.
• Pre-hab exercises: Strengthening your quadriceps can aid recovery.

Day Before Surgery:

• Fast for 8–12 hours (if under general anesthesia).
• Arrange for someone to drive you home post-surgery.
• Pack loose clothing and crutches (if prescribed).

Step-by-Step Procedure of Arthroscopic Meniscectomy

The surgery typically takes 30–60 minutes and follows these steps:

1. Anesthesia: You’ll receive general or local anesthesia to ensure no pain.
2. Incision: The surgeon makes 2–3 small cuts (5mm each) around the knee.
3. Arthroscope insertion: A tiny camera projects images onto a screen to guide the procedure.
4. Meniscus repair/removal: Torn fragments are either trimmed (partial meniscectomy) or stitched (repair).
5. Closure: The incisions are closed with stitches or steri-strips.

Most patients go home the same day, walking with crutches initially.

Recovery Process & Post-Op Care

First 48 Hours: Rest, ice, and elevation are critical to reduce swelling. Use crutches if advised.

1–2 Weeks: You’ll start gentle physical therapy to restore range of motion. Avoid strenuous activity.

4–6 Weeks: Most patients resume light activities (driving, desk work). Athletes may need 3+ months for full recovery.

Tips for Faster Healing:

• Follow your PT regimen religiously.
• Avoid twisting or kneeling until cleared by your surgeon.
• Use compression sleeves if recommended.

Potential Risks & Complications

While generally safe, possible risks include:

• Infection: Rare (<1% cases) but requires antibiotics if occurs.
• Blood clots: Minimized with early movement and compression stockings.
• Stiffness: More common if PT is neglected.
• Persistent pain: May indicate incomplete tear removal or arthritis.

Choosing an experienced surgeon reduces these risks significantly.

Success Rates & Long-Term Outcomes

Studies show:

• 90% success rate for pain relief and improved function.
• Patients with partial meniscectomies recover faster than repairs.
• Long-term, removing >50% of the meniscus may increase arthritis risk—highlighting the importance of preserving tissue.

With proper rehab, most people return to sports or daily activities without limitations.

FAQs About Arthroscopic Meniscectomy