Derotational osteotomy is a surgery that corrects abnormal bone rotation by cutting a bone and rotating it into a better alignment. It is most commonly performed on the femur (thigh bone) or tibia (shin bone). It is used when rotational alignment contributes to pain, instability, or inefficient movement around the knee, hip, or ankle. The goal is to improve how forces travel through the leg during standing, walking, and sports.

Maquet procedure is a knee operation that repositions the tibial tubercle, the bony bump where the patellar tendon attaches. Its goal is to change how the kneecap (patella) loads against the thighbone (femur). It is most commonly discussed in the setting of patellofemoral pain or patellofemoral arthritis (kneecap joint wear). In modern practice, it is often considered within the broader family of “tibial tubercle osteotomy/transfer” procedures.

Fulkerson osteotomy is a knee surgery that repositions the tibial tubercle, the bump on the shinbone where the patellar tendon attaches. It is designed to change how the kneecap (patella) tracks and loads against the thighbone (femur). It is most commonly used for patellofemoral pain, maltracking, or recurrent patellar instability. It is one form of a broader group of procedures called tibial tubercle osteotomies.

TTO most commonly refers to a **tibial tubercle osteotomy**. It is a knee operation that **repositions a small piece of bone** where the patellar tendon attaches. It is commonly used in **patellofemoral problems**, such as kneecap instability or maltracking. It may also be combined with other procedures to address cartilage injury or alignment issues.

Tibial tubercle osteotomy is a knee surgery that repositions a small bony bump on the front of the shinbone (tibia). That bump, called the tibial tubercle, is where the patellar tendon attaches. By moving it, surgeons can change how the kneecap (patella) tracks and how forces load the front of the knee. It is commonly used in patellofemoral (kneecap) instability and certain patterns of patellofemoral pain or cartilage wear.

DFO most commonly refers to **distal femoral osteotomy**. It is a surgery that reshapes the lower end of the thigh bone (femur) to change knee alignment. It is commonly used in knee preservation care to shift load away from a worn or painful compartment. It is typically considered in active patients with malalignment and compartment-specific knee symptoms.

Distal femoral osteotomy is a knee realignment surgery done on the lower part of the femur (thighbone). It changes how body weight travels through the knee joint by correcting bone alignment. It is most commonly used for knee pain and cartilage wear related to malalignment, especially “knock-knee” alignment. It is also used to address certain post-injury deformities and to support other joint-preserving procedures.

Closing wedge HTO is a realignment surgery around the upper tibia (shinbone) to change how forces pass through the knee. It removes a wedge-shaped piece of bone and closes the gap to shift the leg’s alignment. It is most commonly used for knee pain related to uneven loading in the medial (inner) compartment of the knee. It is one type of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) used in knee preservation care.

Opening wedge HTO is a knee realignment surgery that changes how weight is distributed across the knee joint. It involves creating a controlled “opening” on the upper tibia (shinbone) to shift the leg’s alignment. It is commonly used for knee pain related to uneven joint loading, especially in varus (bow-legged) alignment. The goal is typically to preserve the patient’s own knee joint rather than replace it.

HTO most commonly refers to **high tibial osteotomy**. It is a **knee realignment surgery** that changes how body weight travels through the knee joint. It is most often used for **knee pain related to uneven load and early arthritis**, especially on one side of the knee. It is commonly discussed in orthopedics, sports medicine, and knee preservation care.